Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases and is caused by a lack of insulin hormones or not working properly. It is a disease that causes eye, kidney, heart, and nerve problems.
There are four main types of sugar and gestational sugar is known as the fourth type of sugar.
What is gestational diabetes (GDM)?
Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy and is first diagnosed during pregnancy.
It usually lasts from 28 weeks postpartum to six weeks postpartum.
90% of diabetes during pregnancy is the type of diabetes that disappears after pregnancy.
Although there are usually no visible symptoms, high risk can be detected through testing.
What about the symptoms?
• Thirst
• Excessive urination
• Increased appetite significantly
• Child abuse
• Abundance of rainwater
• Fertility problem
Risk factors
• Familial diabetes
• Continuous obesity
• Pre-pregnancy elevated sugar level
• high blood pressure
• High cholesterol
• Unreasonable weight gain during pregnancy and etc.
⛄️How is it known?
Your doctors will test you for diabetes 24-28 weeks after your symptoms have passed. After you take sweet sugar (40% glucose) by mouth, your blood sugar levels will be measured every hour and they will tell you whether or not you have gestational diabetes.
It can also be detected by another diagnostic method (HgA1C).
In developed countries, every pregnant mother is tested for diabetes, while in developing countries, some pregnant women are diagnosed with diabetes.
What is the reason?
• Although the exact cause of gestational diabetes is not known, there is much scientific evidence.
• Hormonal imbalance during pregnancy produces a lot of hormones, one of which is PLG (placental lactogen). This prevents the hormone insulin from being absorbed by the cells, causing the blood sugar to rise. Steroid hormones and growth hormones are also implicated as factors that interfere with insulin action.
• Environmental Influence, Another hypothesis is that weight gain during pregnancy can make cells less responsive to the hormone insulin.
🤹🏽♀️How do you know if your sugar level is high or not before pregnancy?
• if there is a history of elevated Sugar levels that occurred before twenty weeks
• If HgA1C is more than 7%
• If there are long-term complications of diabetes, such as eye problems, kidney disease, etc
• If there is a problem with the formation of a child
Postpartum re-monitoring is best as they are an indicator of previous diabetes mellitus.
🎗common problems with gestation diabetes Mellitus caused on the infant and mother
During pregnancy, sugar puts a lot of pressure on the mother and the fetus
On the mother
• Exposure to surgery/cesarean delivery/operative delivery and instrumental delivery due to the fetus's growth
• abortion/termination of pregnancy
• Increased risk of heart problems
• Bleeding during childbirth
• Advancement of the guest
On the fetus
• excessive growth of Fetus/macrosomic baby
• Premature birth and breathing problems
• Hypoglycemia
• Suffocation of the fetus
• Abdominal loss
• Recurrent abortion
• Infant jaundice
• Infant hypothermia
What about treatment?
• Lifestyle changes: that is, blood sugar can be controlled by doing moderate activities that are allowed during pregnancy, by giving up or reducing sweet foods.
• Medicine: If it is not corrected by changing the lifestyle or if it is trusted by your doctor, you can control your blood sugar by using an injection (insulin) or a pill (oral hypoglycemic agent).
• Don't forget to measure your sugar level before you eat breakfast and anytime after two hours after eating to avoid the complications of diabetes.
• Measuring alone is not enough, so recording your measurements and showing them to your doctor during your follow-up helps to adjust your medication dosage.
• If you have high blood sugar, you may need to stay in the hospital with strict fetal monitoring and blood glucose monitoring.
☔️🍦How can it be prevented?
By changing risk factors, i.e. adjusting weight before pregnancy, following a healthy lifestyle, doing sports, avoiding stress, avoiding dangerous foods (sweets, alcohol, noise, and salt), drinking enough water, and taking enough rest), diabetes and other chronic diseases can be prevented.
Timely treatment of diabetes with timely pregnancy monitoring.
What about the future?
• Gestational diabetes usually disappears after delivery, but some may persist as type 2 diabetes.
• Increases the risk of future diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease.
• Future pregnancy sugar and fat risk obesity.
• Therefore, it is necessary to check your blood sugar level six weeks after delivery and check regularly to ensure that you do not have permanent diabetes.
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